Adverb of Emphasis - Definition and Examples

Modifier of Emphasis s In English language structure, verb modifier of accentuation isâ a conventional term for an intensifierâ used to give included power or a more prominent level of assurance to another word in a sentence or to the sentence all in all. Likewise called an emphasizer and anâ emphasizing verb modifier. Normal verb modifiers of accentuation incorporate absolutely,â certainly, plainly, unquestionably, normally, clearly, decidedly, truly, basically, and without a doubt. In The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammarâ (2014), Bas Aarts et al. bring up that [o]nly some syntactic models partition qualifiers with this degree of semantic detail.â â Models and Observations I was totally down and out and the lease was expected. Plainly I expected to discover a job.Hes tapping my telephone, he said to Celia angrily. I unquestionably heard it. Definitely.(Lawrence Sanders, The First Deadly Sin. G. P. Putnams Sons, 1973) I hadnt the smallest wavering in saying: For sure! Tell the manabsolutely! Completely! Of course!(Joey Tallon in Call Me the Breeze, a novel by Patrick McCabe, 2003) In Stamps the segregationâ was so complete that most Black youngsters didnt truly, totally realize what whites looked like.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Irregular House, 1969Deterrence, clearly, is one of the points of discipline, yet it is doubtlessly not alone. In actuality, there are in any event about six, and some are likely very as important.(H.L. Mencken, The Penalty of Death At the entryway of the kitchen she stated, You never finish your lunch. You go around pointlessly. What will happen to you?Then she died.Naturally for an incredible remainder I yearned toâ see her, not just in entryways, in an extraordinary number of spots in the lounge area with my aunties, at the window turning upward and down the square, in the nation garden among zinnias and marigolds, in the front room with my father.(Grace Paley, Mother. Later the Same Day. Farrar, Straus Giroux, 1985) Hypothetically, obviously, one should consistently to pursue the best word. However, basically, the propensity for exorbitant consideration in word-determination regularly brings about loss of spontaneity.(Francis Thompson, qtd. by Arthur Quiller-Couch in Murder Your Darlings)Everything starting at Blake Avenueâ would consistently wear for me some magnificent abnormality and mellowness, basically on the grounds that it was not of my square, the block,â where the clangâ of your head sounded against the asphalt when you fell in a clench hand battle, and the columns of store-lights on each side were merciless, viewing you.(Alfred Kazin, A Walker in the City. Harcourt Brace, 1951 There is without a doubt a sensation in going into outside parts that will be had no place else; yet it is more satisfying at the time than lasting.(William Hazlitt, On Going a Journey False notions You can spot ​discourses that make one wonder by searching for such words as clearly, obviously, and truly. Any protection legal advisor would quickly jump up and state, Objection! on the off chance that the arraignment were to state to the jury, Obviously, she is blameworthy. (Edward P. J. Corbett and Rosa A. Eberly, The Elements of Reasoning. Allyn and Bacon, 2000)

Speech Recognition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discourse Recognition - Essay Example Ordinary human cooperation is verbal and nonverbal (outward appearances). An intelligent movement in PC innovation ought to be a move away from console and mouse association and toward verbal or facial acknowledgment innovation. Biotechnology as of now exists as unique mark acknowledgment and discourse acknowledgment programs. Unique mark acknowledgment essentially plots three purposes of a unique finger impression and gives it a numerical equal. Many educational systems use unique finger impression acknowledgment projects to accelerate their lunch lines. Understudies basically put their thumb on the peruser, their print is perceived, and their record is charged for the lunch. In 1965 Gordon Moore made an expectation that PC innovation would twofold about at regular intervals. In particular, Moore anticipated that the quantity of transistors on a chip would twofold like clockwork and that chip size would bit by bit become littler. Greater limit would open up the likelihood to run an ever increasing number of complex projects. The expanded limit was accomplished by each chip being able to hold an ever increasing number of transistors after some time. Moore's law is significant on the grounds that the PC innovation of the 1960's would need to build ability to deal with projects, for example, discourse acknowledgment and facial acknowledgment programs. ... Moore's law has remained constant. Chip innovation has multiplied limit at around multi year stretches since 1970. Intel's Duel Core Itanium 2 Processor holds roughly 1,000,000,000 transistors contrasted with the 8088 processor of the 70's which held around 15,000 transistors. Discourse Recognition A console/mouse interface with PC frameworks is a structure that followed the legitimate movement from typewriters to PC based word-preparing programs. Be that as it may, this interface doesn't reproduce how individuals speak with each other. Normal correspondence is verbal and incorporates facial acknowledgment also. As PCs have gotten incorporated into pretty much every area of society their utilizations have gotten progressively differed (away from straightforward word-preparing). It is just legitimate that interfaces should change and develop also. Discourse acknowledgment innovation moves clients from console/mouse interfaces and toward an interface that is increasingly normal for the client. A discourse acknowledgment program incorporates the two synthesizers and recognizers. These two gadgets reproduce human connection by taking human discourse and transforming it into text (recognizer) and taking content and transforming it into discourse (synthesizer). Any individual who has utilized electronic phone replying mail realizes that, albeit conspicuous as discourse, PCs don't make a sufficient showing of recreating manners of speaking or accents found in typical discourse designs. The most state-of-the-art discourse acknowledgment program available is Window's Vista. Intel technologists are taking a shot at an AVSR (Audio Visual Speech Recognition) program that will overhaul innovation that exists as a broad media collaboration program. Innovative advances, for example, discourse acknowledgment innovation, will permit

The impact of increase in lead times in supply chain activities on Research Paper

The effect of increment in lead times in gracefully chain exercises on retail concerns - Research Paper Example In any case, for this to happen to any flexibly chain, the administration must implement a portion of the fundamental standards that permit them to pack time to upgrade their procedures and guarantee that the customers get their requests in due time. Exactness and precision consistently work decidedly as they guarantee that the time that slips between the situation of a request and the conveyance of the equivalent is as negligible as could reasonably be expected and at the opportune time (Chen, et al., 2000, p. 436). This doesn't suggest a decrease in the quality just to fulfill request. Every business comprehends that the representatives will consistently work best whenever roused and motivated to keep the quality and time as harmonious as could reasonably be expected. Thusly, working connected at the hip with them isn't just vital yet profitable in light of the fact that the administration will comprehend what is required to assist them with accomplishing the absolute best inside t he most limited time conceivable (Borzath, Warsing, Flynn and Flynn, 2009, p. 78). Pressurizing them may obstruct their maximum capacity and in this manner disappointment in the creation framework since they are not happy with what they are doing. Nonetheless, a smart gracefully chain administrator will consistently look for imaginative methods through which they can improve the interest chain execution. To accomplish this, they may need to incorporate a portion of the time-demonstrated philosophies, for example, lead time decrease, guaging or consumer loyalty framework. The report in this will investigate the effect of lead time decrease and how this influences the administrations inside a flexibly chain. The report will likewise offer a few proposals dependent on the effects examined corresponding to the Norwich Nordic and Pulp Company just as the best methods for keeping up this pattern. Lead Time This is characterized by a few analysts as the measure of time that slips by betwee n the beginning of a procedure and its finish (Chen, et al. 2000; Borzath, Warsing, Flynn and Flynn 2009; de Treville et al., 2004; Shah and Ward, 2007). Each organization needs to include the entire framework in the flexibly chain from the buyer request to consumer loyalty this implies by all methods they need to manage the all out process duration (TCT) or the lead time. This has three significant parts that are basic in satisfying the client need, data stream and material stream. These qualities are necessities and if very much interlaced, could offer the best methodology in satisfying the needs of the flexibly chain the executives framework. The resulting decrease of the lead time is extremely basic in the formation of an immediate influence on the primary concern (Shah and Ward, 2007, p. 786). This will enable the chain to accomplish better rivalry and permit the administration to manage every one of the components from a progressively educated position contrasted with previous ly. By permitting this segment, the administration will offer an opportunity for every one of the representatives to play to a similar music consequently limiting deferrals and expanding on the time distributed for every movement. When discussing the lead time there are a few parts that should be thought of. They incorporate pre-preparing, handling and post-preparing. Pre-handling incorporates the conclusions made when assets are required and the means that permit every one of them to be dispatched all together. It likewise takes a gander at the last item and how it mirrors the present request put by the customer (Ketchen and Hult 2006, p. 575). The handling bit takes a gander at the genuine assembling of the item and making it like the genuine item that has been requested. Post-preparing takes a gander at the conveyance of the request to the customer after the request has been fabricated. Every one of this is the thing that the lead time must be estimated against dependent on the b enchmarks set by the organization. Lessening the procedure

Marketing Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Promoting Research - Assignment Example The ongoing pattern to expend low fat or without sugar items has been to a great extent saw among the buyers. The enthusiasm of the buyers to eat well nourishments is a passing fever among most of the populace comprehensively. Item examination is a powerful proportion of distinguishing the particular tangible qualities that are related with new items presented in the market portions so as to fulfill purchasers and meet their products’ desire (Walker, 2002). In light of the broad job of the starches in human nourishment, the wellbeing experts have been suggesting a decrease of the all out admission of fat food sources. In addition, the current trend of calorie control so as to lessen the odds of heftiness has been going about as an impetus to build the offer of items with low fat substance (Lauritzen, n.d.). The task expounds on statistical surveying and market patterns following a nitty gritty examination of the auxiliary sources according to the ongoing pattern of purchasers in deciding on low-fat items in the UK showcase sections. Contingent upon the investigation of the UK market, figures and patterns identified with the subject theme are nitty gritty based on advancement of market and item blend. The report gathered would help the economic specialist in settling on productive choices dependent on which proper proposals are made for compelling business exhibitions on a long haul and momentary premise. The economic analyst of the promoting branch of a UK general store chain has led an optional research with the point of getting sufficient data about item blend that are requested in the UK advertise sections. The ongoing pattern of the UK showcase proposes an immense move in the preferences and the inclinations of the purchaser according to wellbeing diets and low fat items. The move in the general pattern of utilization portrays a looming need of

How to engage all parents into my classroom Research Paper

The most effective method to connect all guardians into my study hall - Research Paper Example In a kid's instruction, it is helpful for all guardians to be effectively included. Speaking with Parents Communication is a key angle with regards to connecting with guardians in the study hall. This is on the grounds that guardians need the data concerning their youngsters for appropriate counsel or activity. Accordingly, the school should set up fitting ways that will guarantee correspondence streams from the school staffs to the guardians. Building up different correspondence channels will guarantee clear correspondence between the educators and the guardians. These channels incorporate; formal and casual discussions through individual gatherings, guardians educator gatherings, classes and school occasions, plan books that permit the instructors to compose remarks about the student’s conduct and scholarly execution and flyers bearing the teacher’s contact data. Calls can be made straightforwardly to the guardians to educate them regarding their children’s sch olastic execution and conduct. ... The school ought to sort out these instructive chances yet let the guardians oversee them. Guardians can exchange jobs and obligations along these lines drawing in more guardians to contribute in the classes. This will give a chance to the guardians to associate with their kids and the school staffs in this way helping them participate in useful exercises. The classes can be sorted out as a team with significant network associations for instance, if the theme is on wellbeing, network wellbeing associations can be activated to offer understanding (CDC, 2012). Guardians can be engaged with workshops and classes on comparable subjects. Dynamic is an essential job in a school, subsequently, including guardians in it shows that the school’s administration needs to put resources into the guardians. The guardians consider it to be an association asking them to energize their kids and take an interest more in their homework. Along these lines, guardians will be effectively associated with the school’s exercises subsequent to discovering that they are the leaders (School Learning Support Program, 2010). Offering Volunteer Opportunities The school ought to compose volunteer exercises and welcome guardians to take an interest in them by giving appropriate positions. These exercises help with encouraging free correspondence and cooperation between the guardians, the kids and the school staff. Through these pleasant exercises, guardians can calmly draw in the instructors in discussions that would appear to be unseemly for formal occasions. A portion of the exercises incorporate; end of the week games, ecological strolls or tree planting occasions, taking care of projects for the handicapped or the destitute, after-school exercises like high impact exercise, karate and cheerleading. Exercises that can help upgrade the aptitudes of the understudies can likewise be fused for

Symptoms of Eating Disorders

Symptoms of Eating Disorders Eating Disorders Symptoms Print Symptoms of Eating Disorders By Susan Cowden, MS facebook linkedin Susan Cowden is a licensed marriage and family therapist and a member of the Academy for Eating Disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Susan Cowden, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 02, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on March 26, 2018 Quiet Noise Creative/DigitalVision/Getty More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Most people have struggled with how they look at one time or another, and it is common for people to talk about dieting and exercise. Eating disorders cross a line into dangerous territory as they arent simply an attempt to lose five pounds or tone up at the gym. They are serious, and it is important to recognize the symptoms in order to support sufferers getting the help that they need.?? Signs of Someone Who May Have an Eating Disorder   Do you believe that someone you love might have an eating disorder? Have you been struggling with thoughts about your own weight and/or food? See below for an overview of symptoms that might indicate an eating disorder.?? 1. Recent Weight ChangesPeople with eating disorders are often underweight but may be overweight as well. Rapid and significant weight changes can be a warning sign. It is important to remember that some people with eating disorders are also of normal weight. 2. Fear of Weight Gain/Body Image ProblemsPeople with eating disorders may have an intense fear of gaining weight, even when actually underweight. They may also truly believe that they are overweight when they are not. Problems with body image can prevent sufferers from participating in activities they would normally enjoy. 3. Secretive BehaviorsGuilt and shame can cause a person to eat in secret or hide large amounts of food. Loved ones may notice the person leaving the table immediately after meals or find hidden stashes of food. Sometimes people with eating disorders will also attempt to hide weight changes by wearing large and baggy clothing. 4. Low Self-EsteemA persons self-image or self-esteem may be dependent on outward appearance, including body shape and weight. They may also be overly critical of themselves in other areas as well. 5. Making Oneself SickSelf-induced vomiting or other forms of purging after meals or after binging is a sign of an eating disorder. Loved ones may notice that the person always goes to the bathroom after meals or may find evidence of excessive laxative/diuretic use, such as the packaging of pills. 6. Excessive ExerciseWhile exercise can be a wonderful thing, sometimes people with eating disorders become so obsessed with exercise that it becomes a problem in their life. Examples of this would be an insistence upon exercising at times when it is inappropriate, such as going for a run in inclement weather, or not being able to participate in regular activities because the person must exercise. 7. Preoccupation With FoodThoughts about food and nutrition can take up most of a persons thoughts and time when they have an eating disorder. These thoughts may include counting calories or fat grams, or dividing types of food into good and bad categories. Some sufferers may exhibit a complete refusal to eat, while others may eat much more than the average person in one sitting. 8. Health ProblemsEating disorders cause many different health problems among sufferers. These may include but are not limited to, hair loss, bruising, amenorrhea (in women, their period may stop), electrolyte imbalances, osteoporosis, low blood pressure, dehydration, esophageal tears, and cardiac problems. Eventually, physical problems related to eating disorders can lead to death.?? If you, or anyone you know, are experiencing such symptoms, it is important to be evaluated by a medical doctor. If you begin noticing these symptoms in someone you know, it is important to talk with them to express your concerns and encourage them to seek help from a professional, such as a therapist, dietician or physician. Set aside time to talk about it, communicate your support, and avoid placing blame or shaming the person. Symptoms of Eating Disorders

Business Process Redesign - Literature Review - Free Essay Example

Literature Review A business method or business process is a assortment of associated, and structured tasks or activities that presents a precise service or goods for a particular consumer or consumers. Very often it can be visualized with help of a flow chart as a sequence of tasks with interleaving resolutions or with a Process Matrix as a series of actions with related rules, as per the data in the process. According to Short Davenport (1990), the business process is defined as a group of logically associated activities performed to attain a definite business result. A process is said to be as a structed and assessed set of tasks planned to present a precise yield for a particular market or customer. It invoves a strong vehemence on how work is performed in an organization by Davenport (1993). As per their views, processes possesses two significant characteristics like, (a) They comprise of both external and internal customers, (b) They cross the boundaries of organizations, i.e, they arise across or within organizational sununits. to identify the business processes in an organization a technique known as value cahain method was put forward by Portar Millar (1985). Usually, the processes are recognized in terms of interfaces, starting and end points, and in organizational sections particularly in customer units. High influenced processes must have process owners. For instance, processess involved in sectors such as, developing a innovate merchandise; ordering items from a supplier; generating a marketing sketch; processing and anteing up an i nsurance claim: etc. As per Short Davenport (1990), the processes may be defined depending on three dimensions like: Entities: Processes occur between organizational entities. They might be Interorganizational( like, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Interpersonal or Interfunctional (such as, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). Activities: Processes involves 2 kinds of activities: i.e, Managerial ( deloping budget), and Operational (filling a customer order). Objets: Processes lead in manipulation of objects and thee objects would be Informational or Physical. Adam Smith was one of the most significant person of eighteenth century to elucidate business processes in his wll-known example of pin factory. He also identified how the output could be elevated by the utlization of labor division policy. Beforehand, in a society where manufacturing was conquered by handcraft items, one person used to do all the tasks which are needed at the time of production process. While, Smith elucidated how the activities were divided into a set of easy tasks, which would be done by specialized personnels. The outcome of labor division in Smithà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s example ensued in productivity inrease by 24,000 percent, i.e identical number of workforce made 240 times as many pins as they had been making prior to the launching of labor division concept. Its note worthy to say that Smith did not promote labor division at any cost and as such. The suitable level of activity division was explained through expermental plan of the manufacturing process. In co ntrast to Smithà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinions which were restricted to the same operational domain and comprised tasks that are in straightforward relation with production process, current process concept comprises of a cross-functionality as an significant characteristic.Smithà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s concept of division of labor was followed and adopted widely, whereas the incorporation of activities into a cross-functional, or functional process was not taken into consideration as an alternative choice until much later periods. To add value for the consumers and to avoid implementation of unnecessary tasks, Business Processes are designed. A well plsnned and executed business process yeilds an augmented effectiveness (value for customers) and amplified efficiency (low prices for the organizations). Business Processes can be represented by means of a number of techniques and methods. For example, for drawing business process in a workflow, the Business Process Modeling Notation is u sed as its Business Process Modeling technique. Business Process Redesign According to Short Davenport (1990), the Business Process Redesign (BPR) is the examination and designing of processes and workflows in and around organizations. In 1994, Teng et al. described BPR as a vital analysis and revolutionary redesign of current business processes to attain breakthrough enhancements in performance measures. BPR scrutinizes effectiveness and efficiency of a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most crucial processes. It is a prominent enabler to provide the highest-quality of service, in an most creative manner, at the most competitive price and instance to output. To prioritize the vital processes which are based on the value at stake, Bain works with each customer. For every priority process, a view of the existing state is developed which is dependent on the operational data, by making use of a detailed process maps. Then the work is proceeded together with a cross functional client group to elucidate a sequence of principles which would guide the explanation generation level, and make a vision of the upcoming state of each process from the position up, along with the roadmap to accomplish the long term goals. In this type of project, the Bain described that they would work very closely with their clients, enlisting a group from all the operational sections who were affected at the leadership and the explanation generation phase. This permits us to eradicate waste, unwanted wait times, handovers, reports and sign-offs while ensuring the honesty of the process. Business process re-engineering This re-engineering is a srategy of business management, was found in early 1990s, which is useful in analysing and designing of processes and workflows in an organization. Business Process Re-engineering aimed to assist organizations to rethink fundamentally that how they perform their work to enhance customer service, cut functional prices, and become first class competitors in the market. In mid-1990s, about sixty percent of the Fortune companies claimed to possess initiated re-engineering attempts, or to contain plans to work so. Re-engineering highlighted a holistic interest on business objectives and how processes are related,encouraging complete refreshment of processes moderately than iterative development of sub processes. There are many synonyms for Business process re-engineering such as, business tranformation, business process redesign or business process change management. However, BPR is more than business improvisation; it is a way of approach that helps i nredesigning the work to achieve better missions and reduce the costs for organizations. Initially, reengineering begins with a high-level evaluation of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s missions, tactic objectives and customer requirements. Within the model of this fundamental evaluation of goals and missions, re-engineering mainly focuses on the business processes of organization. These include the procedures and steps that rule how resources are utilized to make goods and services that can meet the requirements of particular markets or customers. Re-engineering identifies that business processes of an organization are generally divided into subprocesses and activities which would be carried out by many dedicated operational sectors in the organization. Very often , not a single individual holds responsibility for the complete performance of the whole process. Re-engineering upholds the optimization of sub processes performance which could result in certain advantages, but cannot produce dramatic enhancements if the process by itself is basically outmoded and inefficient. Because of this reason, re-engineering puts a focus on re-designing the whole process to accomplish the possible advantages to the organization along with customers. This drives for comprehending dramatic enhancements by fundamental re-thinking on how the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work must be proceeded by distinguishing re-engineering from process enhancement attempts which focus on incremental or functional enhancement. BPR looks forward to break from existing processes and to devise innovative methods of organising activities,individuals and by utilizing IT systems to support the organizational goals. This task is performed by recognizing the crucial business processes, scrutinizing these processes and re-designing them for effective and efficient enhancement and benefit. The centeral tenets of Business Process Re-engineering are defined by Vidgen et al. (1994) as: Process and goal point of reference; Radical modification and assumption challenge; Organizational restructuring; The utilization of technologies which are enabled, specifically IT. By focusing on the obectives of businesses, the processes of the organization are analyzed, unnecessary or reductant methods are eradicated and IT is utilized to streamline and redesign the organizational operations. BPR as Radical Change BPR is known for radical changes, rather than incremental changes. Davenport, elucidates radical change as the only means of achieving the order-of-magnitude enhancements and developments which are rquired in present world wide markets. The existing techniques which are intended to satisfy the customer requirements are functionally dependent on incremental change and this would never produce the necessary interdependence. The reson behind why the change in BPR is radical rather than incremental is to avoid being immobilized by the means the things are presently carried out (Vidgen et al.,). Dr Robinson(of IBM, UK) described that speedy information technology innovation and high global competition were the main reasons why the organization had introduced the concept of radical change. He also said that the processes drives the structure of an organization if they are radically revisioned instead of existing structures. Yet such radical changes are not restricted within single org anization but counterfits with other organizations to generate innovate thoughts. Radical (possible) hanges to the organization are not restricted to the interior re-orderings and links can be counterfitted with other competitive organizations in the market. It is identified in literature studies of BPR, that developments in technology would bring oppurtunities which are intricate to envisage before the technology had been made. These provides a sense of new solutions seeking for difficulties and the assists in exploiting the unpredicted consequences, which cannot be anticipated by a pure conceptual method of approach. To its best, BPR can be viewed as a blend of conceptual way of thinking and realistic experience attained through inventive experimentation and trust.

Drugs Drug Addiction and Domino Effect - 1419 Words

One Nation Under Drugs This problem has been going on for decades and still going on till this day. Should the U.S legalize every drug, would that be the answer? Do we continue with this twenty-five year plus war with drugs. The use of illicit drugs is illegal because of their intoxicating effects on the brain, damaging impact on the body, adverse impact on behavior, and potential for abuse. Their use threatens the health, welfare, and safety of all people, of users and non-users alike. I am against the legalization of all drugs because it destroys human character, it is very appealing to others leading to a domino effect, and not only destroys our society but others as well; the exempt is marijuana. I will be sharing with you why we†¦show more content†¦Friedman also said that it will make drug use safer, and clean up inner cities. To help support my claim a quote from â€Å"Drug Policy and the Intellectuals† by William J Bennett he said â€Å"If we taxed drugs and made them expensive, we would still have the black market and crime problems that we have today; if we sold them cheap to eliminate the black market cocaine at, say, $10 a gram-then we would succeed in making a daily dose of cocaine well within the allowance budget of most sixth-graders†(636). Having sixth-graders abusing drugs is not the way to go. So decriminalizing drugs and having regulations on them won’t work as we talked about. Bennett explained 7 reasons why drugs should be kept banned. One of the reasons that Bennett said was, â€Å"by keeping it illegal, we maintain the criminal sanctions that persuade most people that the good life cannot be reached by dealing drugs† (635). What he means by this is that people are already aware of the bad things drugs can do, and how drugs can’t take you to the good life. So if we legalize drugs, people are going to assume that there is not anything wrong with drugs and that it’s just like alcohol. Another reason that Bennett brought up to mind is the rise on drugs. Bennett stated in his story â€Å"I would argue that if drugs are easier to obtain, drug use will soar† (636). Don’t you agree that Bennett has a good point there? If we do legalize drugs, not only your regular druggies are going toShow MoreRelatedEssay about Teenage Drug Addiction 1079 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Addiction in Teenagers Drugs have been around for a long time and there are many different reasons for them. In particular, they have been misused by teenagers over the years, but in today’s society drug use is at its highest level. Young adults do not deal with their problems in a healthy way, instead they turn to drugs as a solution. Teens who abuse drugs hurt their loved ones and the people who care the most about them. 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Today colonialism is still active, known as Neocolonialism, which has devastating effects on global cultural groups. To begin, the term colonialism is defined in the dictionary as â€Å"control by one country over another and its people†. Throughout history colonialism has confounded and damaged numerous cultures and people. Indigenous peopleRead MoreIn our world today there are a very large number of problems that human service client1123 Words   |  5 Pagesbut the grim reality is poverty can be generational and most of the time it is because the system is not designed to help the clients get out of the situation but to assist the client while they are in the situation, creating a vicious crippling domino effect of poverty in our communities. As a consequence, it is very easy for families to become trapped in multi-generational welfare, which robs them of personal responsibility and self-reliance (Spalding, 2012). 2014 Federal Poverty Guidelines   Household

Thororeeau And Civil Disobedience By Mark Twain And Henry...

Often multiple authors share a common motif, including these two distinguished novelists, Mark Twain and Henry Thoreau, both very idealistic men. In both of these wordsmiths most famous works, Civil Disobedience by Thoreau and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain argues that going against civil law established by the government or worldly superiors is acceptable under certain conditions. Contrary to the anarchistic parts of all our thoughts, willingly disobeying civil law should be deliberately examined and executed moderately. Only under certain conditions, such as when there could be a personal calamity, others that are crucial in your life could be harmed, or the law contains an objection to freedom, whether physical or†¦show more content†¦In his revolutionary book Walden, Thoreau says, â€Å"Children, who play at life, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live it worthily, but who think they are wiser by experience, that is, by failure.† Huckleberry might be disobeying the civil law by running away from his legal guardians and assisting a runaway slave in his flight to freedom, but he does so with kindness and consideration for others, making his decisions the right ones. Sometimes called the true main character by literary critics, Jim, the runaway slave, needs help to escape from harm, both physical and emotional. So Huck, being a true friend, must disobey his cultural law to help Jim. In addition to being sold into field labor in New Orleans, Jim would be beaten severely, most likely, for running away, and also for the presumed murder of Huckleberry Finn. As mentioned before Jim does not want to be captured, flogged, and then sent to a foreign place to work until his dying breath in the hot sun. As a person deeply rooted in his culture Huck probably did not think of Jim’s situation like that, but he does have a subtle desire to not disappoint his friend and to see him safely to freedom in the northern states. Another motivation

Penn Foster English Essay - 655 Words

I. Introduction 1. Albert Einstein said, â€Å"Learning is not a product of schooling but the lifelong attempt to acquire it.† 2. Penn Foster is one route that helps motivated independent learners acquire the knowledge and certification they need. 3. Students lives may change due to the decision to further their education. 4. I plan to use the following method balance work, family, and Penn Foster. II. Step 1: Figure Out What Really Matters in Life 1. Spending introspective time thinking about my life is the first step to achieving a balanced life. 2. I use an exercise for figuring out what matters most, Laura Berman Fortgang (a personal coach) tells WebMD. She has her clients take a couple days off†¦show more content†¦Right now, everything else in my life I consider a â€Å"should† until school is finished. IV. Step 3: Take Daily â€Å"Time-Outs† 1. The last step to ensure that I can balance my life is to take daily â€Å"time-outs.† 2. â€Å"Take a nap, a walk, or a mini-meditation break with a few minutes of silence. Maintain daily rituals, such as teatime, meditation, prayer, exercise.†(Womensnet) 3. By doing this, I can adapt myself to my new hectic schedule. 4. I will be able to maintain my energy throughout the day. 5. Keeping daily â€Å"time-outs† will ensure that I keep my sanity and they will give me something to look forward to throughout the day. V. Conclusion 1. Maintaining a balance between work, life, and Penn Foster can be accomplished using these three steps. 2. The first step is to figure out what really matters in life. 3. Then, I will create a must and should list. 4. After that, I will ensure I take â€Å"time-outs† to give myself a routine to look forward to during my day. 5. By doing these three steps, I can balance it all. Works Cited Easy Steps to Work-Life Balance | Grants For Women in Business | Loans and Credit for Women Business Owners | Grants For Small Business. Grants For Women in Business | Loans and Credit for Women Business Owners | Grants For Small Business. 24 Mar. 2009 . discover, you may. 5 Tips for Better Work-Life Balance. WebMD - Better information. Better health.. 24 Mar. 2009 . way,Show MoreRelatedSingle sex schools or Coed schools1395 Words   |  6 Pagesongoing for a long time. Some people think sex-segregated schools have similar impact on juvenile’s achievement as coeducational schools. This essay will explain why I disagree with this statement. In my perspective, although these education systems both have advantage elements for students, I still believe coed schools better than single-sex schools. This essay will analyze some elements of advantages and disadvantages among single sex and coeducation schools. 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Organizational Behavior and Communication Paper - 979 Words

Organizational Behavior and Communication Paper Evelyn Smith COM 530 October 8, 2010 Organizational Behavior and Communication Paper This paper discusses the culture of the American Red Cross, noting whether the organization’s values align with espoused or enacted values. Also covered will be to what extent is communication in the American Red Cross determined by its organizations culture. Communication plays a fundamental role in perception and organizational culture. Perception among the American Red Cross organization may cause misalignment between espoused values and enacted values. Conflict tends to improve communication among and within groups, therefore allowing the organization to be more†¦show more content†¦Teams accomplish this common goal for the success of the mission. The culture has set a sound foundation for helping others and volunteering. The Role Communication Plays in Perception and Organizational Culture Misalignment between espoused values (what the organization says it values) and enacted values (what the company d oes) can possibility affect the perception within an organization. The chief executive officer behavior is questionable. American Red Cross did not waste anytime making a decision on what to do regarding the chief executive officer. If Everson was willing to cheat on his wife, who is to say that he wouldnt hide something meaningful from the board? Mr. Burns says. A smart board says its almost impossible to repair a trust issue, so we might as well separate and find a new person (Gose, 2007). The organization values trust and honest. The chief executive officer cheats on his wife then how will he manage the donations of the organization that millions of people and the government entrusted to him to oversee. The organization perceives cheating on ones spouse as being untrustworthy. 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Diabetes for Indigenous Australians Free Essays

A Holistic approach is fundamental in the aspect of Health and Wellness, not just for a sound mind but also for a fit body. As such, the endeavor to a better living is not without it’s faults. Australians struggle everyday to attain that continuum with programs and activities that better enable them to meet their goals, and one of those issues are Diabetes, for which part most are Type 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Diabetes for Indigenous Australians or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a potentially preventable disease we’re the core causes of it are usually inadequate physical activity and poor dietary management. Over the years there have been programs that help aid the fight with this illness, and in that time there is still much to learn about it. On how it affects people based on their differences, how the culture may or may not hinder the prospect of growth and development, the well being of Australians, more so the Indigenous Australians as they are more susceptible to encounter this illness in their lifetime. Also further knowledge would enable to facilitate further understanding of the disease and in doing so, would aid in the plight for wellness. According to World Health Organization, Diabetes is a chronic disease, that occurs when a person’s pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produce thus leading to an increase in concentration of glucose in the blood (WHO 2013), There are 2 main types, Type 1 Diabetes, which usually occurs from a younger population-childhood or young adulthood, it’s when the pancreas no longer produces the insulin needed. On the other hand, Type 2 Diabetes, are the ones that stem from older generations, usually adults over the age of 45 though reports have shown it occurring at a younger age, that are usually aggravated by poor dietary management and lack of physical activity, it occurs when the pancreas is not producing adequate insulin and the insulin is not working effectively as it is suppose to. For Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians most population suffer from Type II Diabetes, it is one of the leading cause of death and approximately 3. million Australians have been diagnosed with this disease (Australian Diabetes Council 2012), the highest of which are Indigenous Australian which are around 3 times more likely to have it, thus the impact of diabetes in the lives of people often cycle with their living issues, as poverty hinders growth and understanding and likewise their means of coping with the disease are reflected with reports of anxiety, stress or sometimes depression, or sometimes even death. The first case of diabetes recorded among Indigenous people was in Adelaide in 1923; in the past Indigenous people were healthy and did not suffer from this illness. But in the 1960s there was a study found that showed the correlation of attaining diabetes to the development of the â€Å"westernized lifestyle†. Since then Type 2 Diabetes has been accredited as a critical importance in the health dilemmas for the First People across Australia. Following that subsequent studies have found that an ever more input should be placed upon the aspect on how to proceed in terms of, how to deal with the situation at hand and improve the care provided based on that foundation. According to HealthInfonet (2007) the prevalence of this disease are among Indigenous people come from surveys conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), the more recent was done on 2004-2005 by the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey (NSTSIHS). In the report it shows that 6% of Indigenous people who participated have Diabetes or shows signs of a high amount of sugar levels, these problems were frequently reported by Indigenous people who inhabit rural areas 9%, than those living in non-remote areas 5%. The least affected group is the young people while as they grow older the numbers of cases increase exponentially. There are several factors that agitate diabetes but for the most part it is obesity that aggravates it. Primarily type II diabetes is a preventable disease, by just a change of how and what you consume a day and also proper weight management through regular exercise. But what happens is that because of the previous history that transpired between the Indigenous Australians and the Non-Indigenous Australians they have this wall of animosity that had gone through the colonization and has hindered the information to be given and accepted through distrust, racism and other dilapidating factors (Australian Indigenous HealthInfonet 2007). Indigenous people, some that are in a state of poverty, opted for thrifty and cheaper alternative to their diet that was introduced by commercialized industries. This in turn, without knowingly, had a decline in their concept of what the proper nutrients that are needed for physiological equilibrium and has hindered their health dramatically over the years because of instability whether it is financially, socially or economically (Thackrah and Scott 2011), leading to an nmanaged weight and lack of knowledge or understanding that increases rate of mortality that is likewise preventable The perspective of the Indigenous people livelihood from a socioeconomic aspect, are reflected by low income due to lack of better jobs that is the cause of low leveled education, and in turn a decline of understanding leading to the hesitance to access health service which are sometimes provided. These factors aid in the inability of these people to access of a higher status of health and also their inability to partake in improvement that would be beneficial to them (Willis, Reynolds and Keleher 2012). Within those factors education provides a vital role in the stance with improvement or oneself and others. As an increase in knowledge and understanding, the environmental barriers may be tossed for improvement. Also it goes without saying that the health worker, or individuals that are faced with the prospect of aiding the Indigenous people should have an understanding on the management and treatment of each people to better enable certain programs to facilitate lifestyle improvement. The Diabetes management and care program is a recognized project by the government of Western Australia in Kimberly, it is manage by Indigenous communities and their aim is to arrest the rising incidence of Type II Diabetes by working with the people in developing own health plan that lets them sustain and manage it themselves. They also promote the improvement of health to residents by incorporating the prevention, management, treatment and care for people suffering Diabetes, also they promote lifestyle changes for a healthier community. http://www. who. int/topics/diabetes_mellitus/en/ http://www. healthinfonet. ecu. edu. au/chronic-conditions/diabetes/reviews/our-review http://www. australiandiabetescouncil. com/Home http://www. australiandiabetescouncil. com/About-Diabetes/Diabetes-Facts http://www. ealthinfonet. ecu. edu. au/key-resources/programs-projects? pid=802 http://www. caritas. org. au/learn/countries/australia http://www. kwinana. wa. gov. au/Documents/Publications/Healthy-Lifestyles-Plan. aspx http://www. healthinfonet. ecu. edu. au/key-resources/programs-projects? pid=345 http://eview. anu. edu. au/cross-sections/vol6/pdf/ch05. pdf http://www. diabetesaustralia. com. au/Documents/DA/What’s%20New/12. 03. 14%20Diabetes%20management%20booklet%20FINAL. pdf References; How to cite Diabetes for Indigenous Australians, Papers

Innovation and Entrepreneurship at Uber †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Innovation and Entrepreneurship at Uber. Answer: Introduction The previous assignment includes the management and business context about Uber. This discussion continues the previous assessment including an area, i.e. innovation and entrepreneurship. The organization can use this factor to improve its business practices and operations, as it is facing the issues related to intense competition, imitation of the business model, monetization, employee dissatisfaction and lack of loyalty between Uber and its drivers. This report examines the implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship at Uber. Furthermore, it includes the importance and benefits of these two aspects. Uber is a company with high technology, which was established in the year 2009. It connects the transportation industry with the information technology using its app. It offered the services in more than 200 cities in 53 countries by the year 2014. Organization is valued at more than 40$ billion. The data shows that the value of Uber is more than full taxi industry in US (Willcocks, 2016). There are various reasons, why the people love to use Ubers services; such as; it offers easier, more convenient and less expensive rides to reach their location. From last few years, innovation has become a powerful force in shaping the competition and for the survival of the organizations in that competitive environment. Innovation and entrepreneurship are interconnected to each other (Wisdom, 2014). It is very useful tool for the entrepreneurs. It is a process, which needs considerable input and obligation from the organization. It is determined by the by the innovative potential of the employees. It is necessary that organization understands that what can drive the innovation and assist in simplifying it by using systems, strategies, forms of leadership and organizational culture. The entrepreneurs in the business require searching for the sources of innovation and their characteristics, which indicate the opportunities for implementing innovation successfully. Entrepreneurship is not easy to define in few lines (Issac, 2014). This is a big concept and there are many arguments about that what the entrepreneurship is and how one can implement it in the operations. In general, entrepreneurship is the aspect, which includes the practices of entrepreneurs, like; their characteristics, activities and social and economic impact of their behavior. The entrepreneurs cannot be defined by knowing that who they are but they can be defined by knowing what they attain by making creative efforts. In the process of entrepreneurship, the people introduce, design and operate a new business or new start-up. According to a research, entrepreneurship is more than starting a new business (Willcocks, 2016). It includes the entire process in which, the people become more aware about the opportunities, which are there to allow them for developing new and creative ideas and taking initiatives and responsibilities. Importance of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Innovation and entrepreneurship are very important for any organization. Both the contextual factors are interconnected with each other. Innovation is a wide concept, which includes the entrepreneurship. Innovation is necessary for the survival of entrepreneurs (Drucker, 2014). There are some examples of great entrepreneurs with innovation; like; Steve Jobs of Apple and Bill Gates of Microsoft (Price, Stoica Boncella, 2013). These people have shown that luck and money is not enough for the success of organization and entrepreneurship, but it also requires risk taking, creativity and organizational planning. They consider the innovation as a key action of entrepreneurship. The people with entrepreneurship use the innovation to find new opportunities and make changes for generating profits for their business. Entrepreneurship generates the financial gain and keeps the economy floating that raises the importance of innovation in the entrepreneurship. Innovation contributes to the succe ss of the organization. In this competitive environment, innovation is very important to make yourself different from others. The organization should try to develop innovation and entrepreneurship by considering some success factors (Drucker, 2014). These factors are listed below: Organizational structure and systems Strategy and vision of organization Organizational aptitude New ideas and creative management Managing the technologies Leadership Risk management Looking at the above-mentioned factors and identifying the value of innovation and creative entrepreneurship in the organization, the management can be optimistic towards the development and establishment of strategic thinking in an organization (Okpara, 2007). This strategic thinking on all the levels, i.e. individual and organizational levels, will help in developing better understanding about the organization and directs to continuous creativities by making consistency and foresight. Application of the factors in Business practices at Uber Innovation plays an important role in strategic business performance of any organization. Although Uber entered in the market with various innovative practices, but now there are so many competitors in the industry, so there is need of more innovation and entrepreneurship to enhance its business practices (McKissen, 2017). There are so many examples of this type of organizations, like; Apple, Inc., Proctor Gamble and 3M. These are the organizations, which largely owe their excellent business success to a continuous record of successful innovation. If the Uber Company utilizes the innovation and entrepreneurship in its operations, then it will benefit its business practices. At Uber, Innovation is in the DNA. The company is thriving on finding the ways for improving and refining the technology to offer the reliable and safe rides to the customers. The application of Uber connects the drivers with the clients in the ways, which was not possible before five or six years. Uber is continuing to develop the technology to offer new services like; UberPool. This new service allows the customers riding in the same direction by sharing the trip. It assists to cut the costs of a ride and reduce the crowding overtime. Uber must use more innovative practices as the organizational value. It should hire creative people and place a creative culture. Developing innovation and entrepreneurship in the organization will assist in nurture the effective leadership competency (UNSW Business School, 2010). The leaders will help in establish a creative culture. Innovation can improve the products and services and scale up the business of Uber. The management at the Uber, is con sidering some important factors for improving its business practices; these factors are given below; It is the record of Uber that every day over 2 million people take the rides of Uber across 500 cities in the world. This shows that thousands of the people are opening the application of Uber and taking the rides and expecting that they will get reliable and convenient experience (Hunt, 2014). For this, the company has created a site reliability engineers team, which ensures the reliability by providing the people the peace of mind and convincing them that they will get the ride when they need the most. The team performs continuous tests on technology for maintaining the reliability. Strong security begins with a great team in the organization. This is the reason, Uber has large and creative team of software developers, engineers, security officers, data scientists, and privacy management counsel and information security officers (Miller, Fern, Cardinal, 2017). These people utilize both legal and technical resources to provide security to the information of riders and drivers. It is using technology in effective ways for improving the safety of riders. It is using various innovative and entrepreneurial plans; such as; Secure code Strong encryption Monitoring the access of data and information of riders and drivers These practices are improving the business operations of the organization by increasing its customer base. If Uber adds values to these innovations, then it can be able to beat its competitors and cover a huge market share in the industry. Disruptive innovation is the form of innovation, which creates a new value network and new market and ultimately disturbs existing market and displaces already established market leaders in the industry, products and services. In this, the company establish in the market by using few resources (Dawson, P. Andriopoulos, 2014). There is a controversial discussion that Uber is disruptive innovation. Some people have said that this company is using disruptive innovation because it had a large impact on the taxi or cab industry. The people are paying for cabs by using a simple app. Youth are using Uber to reach the places faster and saving their money (Horn, 2016). Another argument says that Uber is not disruptive to the cabs and taxis as it does not meet the tests of disruptive innovation. This can be proven because it did not invent in low-end or new market position and it held on with the majority in a way that has been considered better than new entrants (Gil, 2014). The company is targeting the people, which are already using cabs many times. It has determined as more inexpensive than taxis, but it is not measured as inferior to taxi services. Thus, using this practice can enhance the business operations and practices at Uber. Conclusion From the assessment, it is concluded that Uber is facing various issues related to the customer relationship, technology and innovation and Supply chain management. So, the Uber should use the innovation and entrepreneurship in its operations for maximizing the growth. These two aspects can assist the organization in resolving these issues and enhancing its performance. Innovation and entrepreneurship will play a critical role in improving the business operations and practices of Uber. Thus, Uber should try to innovate and find new ways to serve its riders, communities and driver-partners. References Dawson, P. Andriopoulos, C. (2014). Managing Change and Innovation. Sage Publishing, London, U.K. Drucker, P. (2014). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Routledge Publications. Gil, E. (2014). Uber and disruption. Retrieved on December 19, 2014, from https://techcrunch.com/2014/01/19/uber-and-disruption/. Horn, M. (2016). Uber Disruptive Innovation and Regulated Markets. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelhorn/2016/06/20/uber-disruptive-innovation-and-regulated-markets/#7d2acef337fb. Hunt, E. (2014). Uber's global expansion in five seconds. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenhuet/2014/12/11/ubers-global-expansion/ Issac, E. (2014). Disruptive Innovation: Risk-Shifting and Precarity in the Age of Uber. BRIE Working Paper. McKissen, D. (2017). Uber Really Isn't a Shiny New Thing. It's Actually the Same Old Story. Retrieved from https://www.inc.com/dustin-mckissen/is-uber-an-innovation-or-another-example-of-technology-destroying-working-class-.html. Miller, D. J., Fern, M. J., Cardinal, L. B. (2007). The use of knowledge for technological innovation within diversified firms. The Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 308326. Okpara, F.O. (2007). The Value of Creativity and Innovation in entrepreneurship. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, Vol 3. Price, D., Stoica M. Boncella, R.J. (2013). The relationship between innovation, knowledge, and performance in family and non-family firms: an analysis of SMEs. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Wisdom, J.P. (2014). Innovation Adoption: A Review of Theories and Constructs. Adm Policy Ment Health, 41 (4). Willcocks, L.P. (2016). Business and management in a global context. University of London.

Comfort Zone(2015) by Beardfish free essay sample

I would just like to more that you will likely be seeing a slew of progressive rock album reviews. There will be a couple of time when I do break the norm but that will only be to welcome new band into the roster or for a brand new album, at least for now. Beardfish, a Swedish progressive rock/metal band than seems to like Pink Floyd and Genesis a whole lot. Anyways, Comfort Zone is the band`s newest album that showcases alot of keyboard, alot of keyboard, as well as some just some good ol` jamming out. Theres easily some consistentsy in this album which makes it pretty easy to follow. By the way, has anyone noticed that the new age of prog is mostly settled in Sweden? No? Well, tough, because it seems as if there are so many good bands from Sweden like Opeth, Pain of Salvation and Edge of Sanity. We will write a custom essay sample on Comfort Zone(2015) by Beardfish or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Standing at a run time of well over an hour, this will put you on end until you just get used to it. I will see yet another strong contender for album of the year but thats for much later at the moment. Beardfish has done a great job with this release if I do say so myself and Im a prog nerd so shut it. The only gripe I have is that there is way to many synths and keyboards, but that is just nit picking to be honest so it really isnt that bad at all come to think of it. Fans of prog unite for this great release that will transcend space and time as we know it. I dont know about but I feel a strong release with this one and makes a good backdrop for those readers out there as well, or writers it really doesnt matter. I firmly give this a 9/10. This has been the Grim Reaper, signing off.

Since The Second New Deal And The Social Security Act Of 1935 The Elde

Since the Second New Deal and the Social Security Act of 1935 the elderly and disabled of the United States have relied upon their monthly checks from the government to survive. However, from its inception the Social Security system has been plagued with numerous problems. Out of all the problems that have enveloped the system. There are only two that have seriously threaten the existence of the entire Social Security system. The first problem that jeopardized the existence of the system was in 1937 when there was a movement in the courts to declare the actions and creation of the system as being unconstitutional. This movement to prevent the establishment of the Social Security system never reached the Supreme Court. The second and most recent problem to face the system is by far the greatest threat ever to the existence of the system. This new threat is one that has been perpetuated by the inability of the system to solve the problem. The problem that is at hand today is that the Social Security system will not be able to pay its recipients their deserved funds. This problem was created by the fact that longevity has increased and that in the next 5 to 10 years the baby boomers will become eligible for Social Security. What is unique about the problem is that the system?s funds will not be completely depleted until the year 2029 . The problem of depleted funds in the system is created because the system is unable to adjust to the change in life style and cost of living. Thus the system over time will not take in enough money or give out enough to support the recipient with the proper funds to survive. However as a result of a period of healthy economic growth, reduced unemployment and low inflation, the long-range solvency predictions about the Social Security system have improved over the past year, according to the Social Security Board of Trustees . The robust economy we are currently enjoying and the enactment of the Balanced Budget Act support this statement. With the past year of economic success the board predicts that the system will remain solvent until 2032 . Kenneth S. Apfel, commissioner of the Social Security Administration, calls the system's long-term financial problems manageable, but warns against relying on the often unpredictable economy to aid in the future of the ailing system. It is clear that action must be taken to stave off a serious Social Security crisis. As a Senator from Pennsylvania I am in a difficult and unique position. Pennsylvania is a state with two vastly different spectrums of the Social Security system. The first is the urban spectrum where most of the recipients are barley living above the poverty line. There are two causes for this problem. First, the cost of living in the city is exorbitantly expensive. Second, many of the urban recipients had jobs that were low paying; thus the amount of return on their Social Security checks was low. The second is the rural spectrum where most of the people are having few problems with the system. This is because the cost of living in the countryside is low. The returns that the recipients get from the system enable them to live a comfortable life. Because of the vastly different spectrums within my state I must be careful when supporting reforms for the Social Security system. I can not support a reform that will hurt one spectrum and benefit the other. Also being a Senator I must keep in mind how the reforms will effect the rest of the nation. I must keep the mentality of a statesman at all times. Being aware of the crisis and the circumstances in my state and the nation there are several reforms that I feel should never be implemented into the system. One such reform is the proposal to privatize the system. Supporters of privatizing the Social Security system argue that privatization provides the individual with control of the Social Security portion of their retirement plan. Thus allowing investors to achieve higher rates of return and higher benefits than Social Security provides. I feel this reform is not acceptable. In order to change the system to a

Distarctions of Cell Phone Use While Operating Motor Vehicles Essays

Distarctions of Cell Phone Use While Operating Motor Vehicles Essays Distarctions of Cell Phone Use While Operating Motor Vehicles Essay Distarctions of Cell Phone Use While Operating Motor Vehicles Essay Essay Topic: Zone One Shannon Hudak Distractions of Cell Phone Use While Operating a Motor Vehicle Using cell phones while driving are not only dangerous but deadly. We have many distractions while driving, let alone the use of cell phones as well. In this day and age cell phones are used for a variety of things such as text-messaging, internet usage, watching television, e-mailing, faxes, games, and much more. Driving is a privilege, not a right. Many Americans take the technology we have today for granted. Once issued a drivers license it can be revoked for not obeying the laws and this is not the case with cell phone usage while operating motor vehicles. The thing we need to remember is that we all need to be responsible drivers to ensure not only our safety but the safety of other drivers as well. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) nearly 6,000 people were killed in 2008 and more than 500,000 people were injured due to distractions while driving, which was in a published report in September 2009. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute reported in October 2009 that texting was the most dangerous of all cell phone activities. In September 2009 all government employees were banned texting while driving by an executive order that President Obama signed. In October 2009 there was a new bill introduced that offered financial incentives to states that ban cell phone use for both texting and talking. People who are texting would have doubled fines compared to those who are talking. Although this bill is still being debated on I think it will be something that we the people should encourage for these restrictions to apply. As of November 2010 there are currently twelve states that have no ban at all against cell phone use while operating motor vehicles and Ohio is one of them. There are eight states that have partial cell phone usage bans. Thirty states have a ban of no texting for all drivers. The United States has specifications on how these bans are enforced whether it is primary or secondary laws depending upon each state itself. Some of these laws are based more for the younger adult and teen drivers. This is a very hard issue to produce in legislation due to the fact that there is not anyway for an officer to catch you actually texting while driving. There is obviously no way to know exactly how many fatalities and injuries have occurred while driving with the use of cell hones, but we all know that it is stupid and we should not do it. Many surveys have been conducted for citizens to participate in on driving while using cell phones. In a recent study conducted by Nationwide Insurance Company the majority of the people that participated were all for any type of cell phone use while driving restrictions. Eighty percent of these people support a ban on text messaging while driving, as well as e-mailing while drivi ng. A ban for phone calls while driving had sixty-seven percent of respondents who were supportive of this act. Nearly three out of four of these respondents think these restrictions should be made for all drivers and not specific groups, such as younger adults, and teens. Texting while driving is one of the major concerns of cell phone usage while operating a motor vehicle. Anything can happen on the road in the blink of an eye and the most important thing while driving is to keep your eyes on the road, and drive responsibly. We need the slightest amount of distractions as possible. There are so many more distractions while driving let alone texting or cell phone use. In this day and age everyone is in such a hurry and multi-tasking is one of our biggest flaws when doing something as serious as operating a motor vehicle. We need to take a stand on this because so many lives are at stake when driving. Could you imagine getting a phone call that your child, mother, father, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, grandparent, niece, nephew, cousin, or any other family member, or friend had been hit by a driver while they were texting? Most of us would say â€Å"Oh that will never happen to me† but, when it does, it makes you sit back and think. Anything can happen at any given moment in this life. What would you do if it was you driving and hit your own family member, or friend? It would be devastating. Most of us don’t think of situations that could occur and turn into a tragedy such as this. I have to give a lot of credit to The University of Utah and there research studies in effort to stop this widespread issue of cell phone use while operating a motor vehicle. The University of Utah has conducted many studies to raise the awareness on this epidemic. They have also developed a method to keep drivers from being distracted by cell phones. This method is called Key2SafeDriving. It installs without any tools in seconds. It is something you would have to put money into, but it is well worth it to keep your child or any other relative safe, as well as the other people on the road. It is $99. 95 for each device including software for one cell phone. For each additional cell phone there is a $29. 95 fee for software. They do offer a thirty-day money back guarantee. This device will alert incoming text messages with an automatic response that you are driving. Any incoming calls while driving would be directed to your voicemail automatically. Although you can use hands-free handsets while driving such as Bluetooth’s. Emergency calls such as 911 are still always accessible while driving in safe mode. Your profiles are protected by passwords. This device does not use GPS. This is an inexpensive way to make sure you yourself, children, and family members are not tempted to use the cell phone while operating a motor vehicle. You have to remember that children often repeat the same things they see you do â€Å"monkey see, monkey do†. This would be an effective way to teach them not to text while driving. Another contributor to this debate is Oprah Winfrey. Ms. Winfrey kicked off the â€Å"No Phone Zone Day† on 30th day of April, in 2010. She is asking viewers to pledge not to use cell phones while driving. She is working with transportation safety organizations to declare this a national day to those who have lost their lives due to distracted drivers on cell phones. Ms. Winfrey stated, â€Å"We need to make our own movement to stop cell phoning and text messaging while driving. † â€Å"Don’t tempt fate; that text can wait. † She is trying to raise awareness of how serious the issue is of using your mobile devices while operating motor vehicles is as well. It’s not something we can overlook and she is taking all efforts to stop the deadly driving habits most Americans have formed. There were rallies held in Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Los Angeles, and Washington D. C. on the 30th of April of this year. More than 160,000 people have pledged not to use their cell phones while driving. You should be the next! In conclusion we know what is right from wrong. If you see a friend using a cell phone while driving tell them it is very unsafe and they are being an irresponsible driver. If your friends use cell phones while operating motor vehicles that does not mean it is okay for you to do too! Two wrongs don’t make a right. Do not allow yourself to get into a vehicle with another person unless they give you their cell phone or they have the Key2Safe Driving installed. If you are old enough to drive you should know not to be using mobile devices while driving period. Our lives are precious and the last things we need are injuries or even deaths for something that can be prevented! This is an option of yours to make when you sit down in the driver seat of your car. One last thing I want to remind you of is taking the pledge created by Oprah Winfrey â€Å"No Phone Zone. Many people are doing it including many famous people. You should be the next to pledge not to drive while using your cell phone. Remember driving is a privilege and not a right! [ (Studios) ] Company, Nationwide Mutual Insurance. Driving While Distracted: Statistics to Know. 2010. 28 November 2010 lt; nationwide. com/newsroom/dwd-facts-figures. jspgt;. David Strayer, Frank Drews, and Lee Siegel. News Center, University of Utah. 29 June 2006. 28 November 2010 lt; unews. utah. edu/p/? r=062206-1gt;. Gale. Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context, Texting While Driving. 010. 28 November 2010 lt;http://ic. galegroup. com/ic/ovic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow? displayGroupName=K12-Referenceamp;action=eamp;windowstate=normalamp;catId=GALE%7C00000000LVZEamp;documentId=GALE%7CPC3021900170amp;mode=viewgt;. Studios, Harpo. Oprah Winfrey and Harpo Studios Announce National No Phone Zone Day Friday, April 30. 6 April 2010. 29 November 2010 lt; oprah. com/pressroom/Oprah-Winfreys-National-No-Phone-Zone-Day_1gt;. Utah, The University of. Key2SafeDriving. 2010. 29 November 2010 lt; key2safedriving. com/gt;.

Care of patient undergoing general anesthesia Essay

Care of patient undergoing general anesthesia - Essay Example In this assignment a case study approach has been taken to identify different anesthesia related activities and their rationale which will be corroborated to examine whether these activities are based on evidence from scientific literature on anesthesia. This is a case of a 40-year-old female who had been admitted for undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy to the hospital. It was decided that the patient will under the surgery undergo the surgery under general anesthesia. This patient was found to be having no associated medical disease, and the preoperative investigations revealed that she has optimal medical condition to undergo anesthesia. Since anesthesia and elective operations should not proceed until the patient is in optimal medical condition, through the preoperative medical tests it had been demonstrated that she has no significant perioperative risks, it was decided that it would be safe to proceed (Adams et al., 1998). In the operating room, before subjecting the patient to anesthesia, all the equipments must be tested for safety in that they are in the right condition of use. The anesthetic assistant is supposed to help the anesthesiologist in the operating room in major cases, and he hardly has time to check these in the equipment supplied. Therefore, one of the important roles of the anesthetic assistant to check and make sure that the equipments used for anesthesia are in a condition, where no catastrophe will happen (May et al., 2007). In inhalational anesthesia, a oxygen and nitrous oxide mixture is inhaled. Liquid oxygen storage temperature must be checked. The only reliable way to determine residual volume of nitrous oxide is to weigh the cylinder. The assistant must record those. The pin index safety system must be examined. The role of the assistant is to check medical gas systems thoroughly so medical gas depletion or supply line misconnection is detected or prevented. It is also important to arrange an emergency

How the company seeks to deliver customer value Essay

How the company seeks to deliver customer value - Essay Example Introduction of the Apple Macintosh has engaged in numerous products launches that  have been met  with much anticipation. For instance, Apple iPhone  has been considered  an elegantly designed  device  for sending and receiving  information. The iPhone has a combination of  smart  phone capabilities with  natural  graphical interface projected on a large multi-touch display. Apple’s marketers focus on consumer behaviours in order to improve their marketing strategies and foster an understanding of how the consumer thinks feels and selects between various alternatives (Solomon, 10). These marketers also focus on psychology of consumers and influence of environmental conditions such as a culture, family, signs and media. In fact, this entails the focus on consumers’ behaviours while making purchases and other decisions. Nevertheless, there are limitations concerning consumer knowledge or ability to internalize information that can influence their de cisions and results of marketing strategies. On other hand, focusing on consumer behaviour considers motivation of the consumers to making various decisions strategies among different products in levels of significance and interest (Hawkins, Best and Coney, 4). Study of consumer behaviours enables Apple marketers to improve their marketing campaigns and strategies in a way that is effective in process of reaching the consumers. Therefore, this paper will focus exploring the way Apple deliver value to their customers based on the 4Ps, product, price, promotion, and place. Nonetheless, in order to understand the process through which Apple deliver quality to their customers, there is need to explore their relationship with consumer behaviour and marketing (Schiffman and Kanuk, 20). Moreover, there is need to focus on consumer reception to advertisements, and learning their schedule in advertising. On the other hand, Apple’s marketers have a great understanding of the way produc t are adopted by few consumers and a spread occurs later, leading to rest of the population learning that there are new products. In this case, as marketers, they ensure that the products are financed and available until the target market share is acquired. Besides, they focus on creating a good impression to the initial customers, since they take the role of influencing the other customers. 2. Organization’s Objectives Apple has revamped its products  and service line  in order to  offer  commodities, which could facilitate the delivery of the tightly integrated  experience  of the user. The Company has been making effort by remaining committed to the market with the PC products focusing on homes and lifestyles of the consumer. The Apple Inc has also sustained their  position  through technological innovations and new retail strategies. However, as a typical organization, Apple has several organizations’ objectives such as; 1. To offer quality products and services to customers in a way that meets their expectations. 2. To maintain their leadership in technology and device market, thereby sustaining their competitive advantage. 3. Maximize their profits and grow their organization, while remaining socially responsible in the community. 3. Product and Brand portfolio Product is an element used in referring to things that can be

Overview and Analysis of Red Bull, Its Successes and Controversies

Overview and Analysis of Red Bull, Its Successes and Controversies When we first started, we said there is no existing market for Red Bull but Red Bull will create it. And this is what finally came true. Dietrich Mateschitz (Dolan 2005 p.1) Red Bull ®s 1987 launch established an energy drinks market. In 2009 they continue to dominate the globally. How did they achieve? How do they plan to maintain their stronghold? In 1987, revolutionary marketing and advertising techniques coupled with fortunate circumstances enabled Red Bull to create the energy drink market. In todays diverse and ever-expanding market of 228 competitors, Red Bull is likely to lose overall global market share. Ever optimistic, Red Bull continues with extreme sports sponsorship, creating events, nurturing the Red Bull ® lifestyle, a strategic business plan including expanding into emerging markets and developing products and plans to include multi-million dollar resorts and theme parks. Red Bull ® has every reason to be confident of its future. In 2008, the worldwide Functional Drinks market was worth $26.9 billion. Relatively new and still developing, by 2013 the market is expected to expand by 64.3% to a value of $44.3 billion (Datamonitor PLC 2008), spread over three different categories: Sports, Energy, and Nutraceutical. These products aim to improve users, physically and mentally or just improve well-being (Moosa 2002; Datamonitor PLC 2008). With energy drinks being the largest sector at 47.3%, Red Bull ®, was first of its kind, holding a 29% global market share in 2008. (Datamonitor PLC 2008). Spreading its wings internationally since its birth in 1987, 2008 saw Red Bull ® GmbH worth à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬10.9 billion, selling over four billion cans worldwide in 70 countries (Mà ¼ller 2009). History Red Bull ® was the brainchild of Austrian, Dietrich Mateschitz, ex-managing director of toothpaste manufacturer Blendex, where he travelled widely, experiencing different cultures (Gschwandtner 2004). On one business trip , Mateschitz read that one of Japans highest taxpayers was Mr. Taisho, manufacturer of an energy giving drink. Later in Thailand, he learned that taxi drivers use these drinks to counter fatigue. Mateschitz also noted that the drinks ingredients lacked a patent (Gschwandtner 2004). Armed with this information, in 1984 he approached Chaleo Yoovidhya, owner of Thai company TC pharmaceuticals, producer of the Kratindang energy drink (Gschwandtner 2004). Mateschitzs concept was to form a company selling its own energy drink worldwide at a premium price (Keller 2004). Chaleo agreed, each took a 49% stake, investing half a million dollars. Chaleos son took the remaining 2%, and Mateschitz agreed to run Red Bull ® (Dolan 2005). Red Bull ® was first established in Austria. Initially wary of the products unusual ingredients, Austrias government insisted on stringent scientific safety testing. Thus, Red Bull ® was not licensed until 1987. Subsequently, this regulatory procedure proved a mixed blessing for Red Bull ® (Gschwandtner 2004). (Kratin Daeng The iconic eye-catching logo and slogan red bull gives you wings were then designed (Gschwandtner 2004). By 1990, despite high sales figures, and a lot of promotion, Red Bull ®s finances were in the black. To this point, funding had been 90% equity from the two partners and 10% bank loans (Gschwandtner 2004; Dolan 2005). Ambitious Mateschitz now believed Austria too small a market for Red Bull ®. In 1993, Red Bull ® moved into such countries as Hungary and Germany, planning to pre-market the little 250ml can by word of mouth across Europe (Gschwandtner 2004). Red Bull ®s Kraihamer commented, We do not market the product to the consumer, we let the consumer discover the product first (Keller 2004, p.119). This Buzz marketing proved highly successful, and inexpensive. Red Bull ®s controversial ingredients made it a cool fashion icon. Its mixability with vodka, coupled with extreme sports sponsorship, helped the drink tap into the young hip market (Cooney 2007; Gschwandtner 20 04). By 1997, Red Bull ® had conquered most of Europe including the UK. It then moved onto the USA, working state by state with a similar buzz technique (Hein 2001). Today Red Bull ® is now Austrias most successful brand, worth more than à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬10.9 billion, with diamond producer, Swartzkopf being worth half as much (Muller 2009). 3.0 Does Red Bull ® Revitalise the Body and Mind? Red Bull ® is billed as a drink which: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Improves physical endurance, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Stimulates metabolism and helps eliminate waste substances, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Improves overall feeling of well-being, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Improves reaction speed and concentration, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increases mental alertness (Keller 2004). Red Bull ® is best consumed:, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ At times of increased mental and physical strain, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ On long sleep-inducing motorways, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ During intensive working days, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Prior to demanding athletic activities, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Before tests and exams, (Redbull.com (a) [ca. 2009]). Some consumers are easily convinced of Red Bull ®s effectiveness. Nicknames such as liquid speed and liquid cocaine along with peer pressure build hype around the product (Kumar, et al. 2004). American college student Kaytie Pickett illustrates this: Maybe I think it works just because they say it works Im a slave to peer pressure (Walker [ca. 2009]). Other consumers are more sceptical. Brandweek reported in 2008 that Red Bull ® was one of the UKs lowest ranked companies in a survey of perceived brand value (Brandweek 2008). Despite the odds, studies proved the drinks effectiveness. One such study was on ten individual graduate students, five of which were given a placebo, the rest Red Bull ®. Conducted before and several hours after consumption, the results proved conclusively that: the mixture of three key ingredients of Red Bull Energy Drink used in the study (caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone) have positive effects upon human mental performance and mood (Seidl, et al. 2000). Whereas most products spell out exactly what they do, Red Bull ® uses vague terms, Vitalizes Body and Mind (Walker [ca. 2009] p.2) relying on consumers to purchase the drink and discover its effects themselves. (Walker [ca. 2009]) 3.1 What are the ingredients in Red Bull ®? Red Bull ® 250ml cans contain; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 80mg of caffeine, à ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¢ Taurine, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Glucuronolactone, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sugars, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Vitamins (Keller, 2004 p.117). Taurine is Red Bull ®s most controversial ingredient. In organic form, it was discovered in the bile of a bull (Irving Sax, et al. 1987). This is the likely source of not only the name, but also rumours that it is made from Bull Testes or that it contains Bull Semen. In the drink, taurine comes in synthetic form (Redbull.com (c) [ca. 2009]; Walker [ca. 2009]). Human beings produce taurine in a form similar to that of an amino acid. During extreme physical activity, the body may require more taurine than is produced. Taurines metabolic stimulatory effects help the body work harder. (Keller 2004; Healingdaily.com 2009). Equally, its detoxifying effect helps counter fat build-up on the liver caused for example by excess binge drinking (Healingdaily.com 2009; McCall 2005). Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring amino acid in human beings, produced by glucose b reaking down in the liver. It also removes toxins from the body and is a metabolic stimulator, fighting fatigue, and producing a feeling of well being (Keller 2004). Theoretically, these supplements should help the body to perform better, when under stress, fatigue, or performing physical exercise. Red Bull in suspected link to deaths (BBC News Online 2001) Despite Red Bull ®s beneficial effects, some users have had adverse effects from consuming it, and as many as five people have died. A 16-year-old volleyball player would faint during games, and gain a heart rate increase of 30bpm. Diagnosed with postural tachycardia syndrome, she told the doctor that during the week she would drink four to five cans of Red Bull ® daily. Returning to normal a month later having stopped drinking Red Bull ®, doctors believed that high concentrations of taurine in the brain might have interfered with her cardiovascular system (Terlizzi et al. 2008).1 In 2001, an 18-year-old basketball player shared four cans of Red Bull ® with friends, played a game, then later died of Sudden Adult Death Syndrome. An investigation was recommended into high caffeine content drinks (Medicalnewstoday.com 2004). Two clubbers died in 2001 after drinking Red Bull ® with vodka, a third died after drinking it after extreme physical exercise. No results were published into the relationship between Red Bull ® and their deaths (BBC News Online 2001). A WalMart shelf stacker with a heart condition would drink four cans of Red Bull ® a night. He later died of a heart attack. The coroner had insufficient evidence to link the death with Red Bull ® (Clarke 2008). Most major brands will open up to consumers if there is a health scare or death related to their products, in an effort to safeguard brand loyalty (Dunne 2005). Red Bull ® prefers to take the offensive; No one anywhere has ever shown any link between Red Bull energy drink and harmful effects (Medicalnewstoday.com 2004). This makes them appear edgy, flaunting their dont mess with us attitude. 3.3 Has Red Bull ® profited from controversy? Debate surrounding Red Bull ® has been a double-edged sword. On the one hand, they loose some customers due to health fears, as countries such as Denmark, France, and Australia ban the drink. On the other hand, along with the bans, negative press rel ated to the ingredients, nicknames, adverse affects and deaths, has not only made Red Bull ® a talking point, giving them free publicity, it has also allowed the drink to keep its edge, and remain cool. As Mateschitz himself points out; Without the old high school teacher telling his students Red Bull is evil probably even a drug it wouldnt seem interesting and therefore would loose its edge (Kumar, et al. 2004). This edge was proved during Red Bull ®s launch in New Zealand. The distributor was selling a version of the drink with a UK health warning that the government did not recognise. To get round this, they re-labelled each of the 70,000 cans. When consumers found out that the authorities disapproved, demand went through the roof punters would buy Red Bull and immediately pull off the sticker. Theyd tell their mates: this stuff is illegal, everyone wanted to be drinking from the forbidden tin (Cooney 2007). 4.0 Red Bull ®, a non-descript market? Mateschitz believed consumers would take Red Bull ®s benefits seriously only if the product cost more than an average soft drink. Therefore from the outset, the cost per can was set 10% above the most expensive competitor, regardless of country. This is why a single can of Red Bull ® can cost up to 300% more than a traditional soft drink (Keller 2004). Conducting initial market research in 1987, Red Bull ® had failed miserably; people sa id its colour and taste were disgusting (Johnson 2002). However, this was not all bad news, further research revealed; 50% of our test group were crazy about Red Bull, and 50% said it tasted terrible (Johnson 2002). Ambivalence, as Mateschitz later says, was great for Red Bull ®, creating discussion, controversy and giving Red Bull ® the edge it needed to start a new market. Some thought it had a medicinal taste, persuading consumers of its functional properties and added value (Keller 2004 p117). The drinks extra cost would not deter them (Keller, 2004). Red Bull ® describes its market as; more than just a hot secret for the night owl and the non-stop party-animal. It is appreciated by a wide range of people, such as the overworked taxi driver, the stressed manager, the exam-anxious student and the pressured journalist It is used by surfers in the summer and snowboarders in the winter (Redbull.com (d), [ca. 2009]). Companies typically select their consumer group by specifying such target elements as age, job, sport, or occupation. Red Bull ® does the contrary. Whilst talking generally about their consumers, stressed student, taxi driver, stressed manager etc, they manage to keep their market relatively vague (Walker, [ca. 2009]). So the question is, who buys such a strange tasting, expensive product, with benefits deliberately not spelled out in black and white? Rob Walker [ca. 2009] argues what Red Bull drinkers have in common is a taste for the edgy and faintly dangerous. Keeping a question mark over the specific consumer allows drinkers to fit into the Red Bull ® clique. Despite the young hip image, Red Bull ®s non-descript credentials allow it to be consumed by just about anyone, creating access to wider markets and competitive advantage (Walker [ca. 2009]). 5.0 How is Red Bull Marketed? Red Bull ® presents an image of a small, friendly enterprise. We dont want to be seen as having lots of money to spend (Walker [ca. 2009]). The truth however is quite the contrary. The company spent $600 million, or 30% of its revenue on marketing in 2004, Coke spends 9% (Dolan 2005). This huge sum is spent on extreme sport sponsorship, live events, and eye-catching design, with less emphasis on media advertising (Gschwandtner 2004). This section asks how and why they use these techniques. 5.1 Sponsorship Red Bull ® sponsors over 500 extreme sports athletes worldwide. Examples include Formula 1 Freestyle Skiing, Break Dancing, and Free Climbing (Gschwandtner 2004). Additionally, Red Bull ® creates events filling every niche, from DJ battles, Whacky Races, Air Shows through to Festivals. (Gschwandtner, 2004; see page 10) In 2003, 200 million people watched worldwide as B.A.S.E. jumper Felix Baumgartner leapt from a plane at 30,000ft above Dover with a carbon wing strapped to his back. He flew the 22 miles across the English Channel to Calais at an average of 135mph, setting a new world record (Wyatt 2003). The stunt was not only a dig at the outlawing of Red Bull ® in France, but also a pre-marketing strategy to create brand recognition and a buzz about the product (Gschwandtner 2004). Red Bull ® has tapped into the market of the rich and famous by purchasing Jaguar and Minardi Formula One teams in 2004 and 2005 (World Advertising Research Center 2009). Costing over $100 millio n a year and competing around the world, they race under the names Redbullracing and Torro Rosso (Forbes.com [ca. 2009]; World Advertising Research Center 2009). With constant media coverage, and cans of Red Bull ® spotted in the hands of celebrities and the logo splashed all over their cars, Red Bull ® wins even if the two teams lose! The 5500m2 Hangar-7 in Austria diversified Red Bull ®s influence. It is home to the 15 Flying Bull show planes, a chic eatery, and art exhibition. By night, it transforms into a nightclub, with Vodka Red Bull ® on tap (Redbull.com (b) [ca. 2009]). Dedicated pre-market research allows Red Bull ® to tailor events and sponsorship specifically to each consumer group, state by state, country by country, seamlessly. 5.2 Advertising Simple, playful, nonsensical cartoons help market the product at anyone with a sense of humour, regardless of language, reaffirming Red Bull ®s nebulous marketing strategy (see bottom of page) (Keller, 2004). Coupled with the tagline Red Bull gives you wiiings (Keller 2004, p119) a deliberate exaggeration, adding intrigue, it makes the consumer eager to find out for themselves (Walker [ca. 2009]). 5.3 Brand Image Two red coloured bulls charging towards one another. The small size of the can. These could not be better connotations of strength (Keller 2004). The package says it is a serious product, not to be taken lightly. The Red Bull ® cut-out in the pull-ring adds class and interest, whilst the cans mixture of blue and silver portrays refreshment. The cans simple tagline Revitalises body and mind effectively explains the contents function in four simple words, whilst remaining non-specific (Keller 2004, p.118; Keller, 2004). With its fingers in every pie, Red Bu ll ® combines well thoughtout brand image, playful advertising, media-rich events and sponsorship not only to cultivate their edgy image, but also to ensure every consumer can relate to the product in some way. Mateschitz admits,we dont bring the product to the people, we bring people to the product (Gschwandtner 2004). Red Bull ® wants consumers to embrace the product and all its ideals, as he points out Red Bull isnt a drink, its a way of life (Kumar, et al. 2004). 5.4 Some of Red Bulls extreme sports athletes and events in picture Figure 1 Top to bottom, from left to right; Surfing Amazon tidal bore (Gschwandtner 2004), Red bull Playstreets (Hagena 2008), Felix Baumgartner B.A.S.E. Jump Christ Redeemer (Gschwandtner 2004), Redbullracing F1 Getty (G.M., [2009]), Red Bull Storm Chase (Hollmann [ca. 2004 ]) Hangar-7 (Gschwandtner 2004), Felix Baumgartner Channel Crossing (Gschwandtner 2004), The Dolomite Man competition (Gschwandtner 2004), Flà ¼taag flying day (Stone 2008), Red Bull cliff diving (Keller 2004)., Red Bull air race (Larson 2008), Mysteryland festival (Mysteryland 2009). Page | 10 6.0 Revolutionary Marketing This section explores the revolutionary marketing techniques Red Bull ® uses to establish its brand. The techniques developed out of a demand. In 1987, Red Bull ® could not be exported from Austria, as it was not a European Union member state. EU law states that if one country agrees to the sale of a foodstuff, it can be sold in all EU countries. Each EU member state has a list of allowable ingredients, and to Red Bull ®s dismay, taurine was on none of them. Scotlands allowed list did include taurine, so Red Bull ®s first EU market entry was in 1992 in the UK via Scotland (Keller 2004). During the EU ban, with demand high, individuals bootlegged the drink across borders. Red Bull ® was not actually on the black market, but bootlegging did help their semi-legal image (Keller 2004). Red Bull ®s entry to the UK market was rocky. It was not until 1995 that they made profit (see Figure 2). Long established Lucozade led the energy drink sector. 15 20 Figure 2 Red Bull ® UK Finances (millions) (Red Bull Company Ltd 2009) Containing energy boosting minerals and vitamins much like Red Bull ®, Lucozades use of energy as part of its tagline obliged Red Bull ® to change to stimulant instead of energy, thus targeting a completely new consumer 2002). Red Bull ® was sold as a sports drink, not the holistic product seen in Austria. Instead of using the known buzz marketing, Red Bull ® sold through supermarket chains and billboard advertising with a new tagline: you should never underestimate what red bull can do for you (Johnson 2002, p.5). (Gschwandtner 2004; Johnson Profit/loss after tax Expenditure on Promotional Equipment GBP By 1996, Red Bull ® UK had an astronomical debt of  £2.5 million (see Figure 2). Their share of the market only stood at 2% (Johnson 2002). As global director Kraihamer portrays; The UK team started from the wrong end they were wrong, they totally misunderstood how to create a customer base (Johnson 2002, p.5). (Red Bull Mini 2008) Firing the entire sales team, Mateschitz appointed an Austrian director who increased marketing spending (see Figure 2). The slogan was changed back, and Buzz marketing was introduced. Teams of students were hired to tap into the younger markets. Driving Minis with big Red Bull ® cans attached, they attended parties, and social gatherings. These alpha bees would be the popular ones of friendship groups. If they liked the product, so would their friends, creating a buzz about Red Bull ® (Gschwandtner 2004). This coupled with sponsorship of extreme sports meant that between 1998 and 1999 profits after tax went from  £85,000 to  £16 million (see Figure 2) (Red Bull Company Ltd 2009). A similar success story was of Kiwi, Joseph Roberts, who, when on holiday in Slovenia, saw the opportunity to market and sell Red Bull ® back home. Out partying, he decided he wanted a soft drink and stumbled upon a can of Red Bull ®. When the bar man refused to sell it claiming it to be illegal , it made him want it even more. Eventually, he spent no less than $150 on three cans! Drinking just one, he realised its potential. A year on he met with Red Bull ® in Austria. On persisting, he gained rights to sell the drink. Back in New Zealand, his marketing strategy ensured Red Bull ® turned up at the right parties, bars, and shops. By playing the drinks illegal credentials, he used opinion leaders to create a buzz about the product (Cooney 2007). Before he knew it, he was rushed off his feet: We were delivering products from the back of our cars at two three in the morning everybody had to do whatever it took (Cooney 2007, P.5). Buzz marketing evolved during Red Bull ®s USA launch in 1997. Organising sales, marketing, and distribution from the Red Bull ® North American California HQ was impractical. Instead, a structure similar to that of Red Bull ® GmbH split the USA into eight units covering a set amount of states (see Appendix Figure 3). Each unit organised sale s, distribution, and pre-marketing. This meant the buzz was created even before Red Bull ® arrived. The alpha bees would poll consumers interests, for Red Bull ® to promote the drink in the right places and sponsor the right events (Hein 2001). 7.0 Maintaining market share Red Bull ® dominated the global market in 1987. By 2008 however, they still led with 29%, but energy drink company Monster was catching up with 23% (The Nielson Company 2009). The next section explains how and why, it changed. In 1987, UK Lucozade and USA Gatorade, although not specifically energy drinks, crossed over into Red Bull ®s territory, having already been on sale for many years. Equally, Kratin Daneng held a market share in Asia, although not in carbonated form (Gschwandtner 2004; Kumar, et al. 2004). With over 228 brands listed in 2008, the picture had become very different. Energy drinks were an extremely complex market area. In can or re-sealable bottled format, the sizes varied from the slim original 250ml, to the new 300ml and 680ml varieties. Products now ranged from regular carbonated energy drinks through to Energy Shots with 25 new versions in 2008, natural organic non-carbonated forms, and aphrodisiac drinks (The Nielson Company 20 09). In 1997, Hansen Natural brought out Monster Energy, using similar marketing techniques as Red Bull ®. Its tagline Unleash the Beast evokes a certain type of consumer, together with its Monster Army of extreme Figure 4 Global Energy Drink Market Share 1987 (Various sources) Red Bull Other Figure 5 Global Energy Drinks sales 2008 (The Nielson Company 2009) 1 RED BULL 3 ROCKSTAR 5AMP 7 NOS 9 SOBE Next 90 brands (Monsterenergy [ca. 2009]) 2 MONSTER 4 FULL THROTTLE 6 NO FEAR 8 ADRENALINE 10 BOOKOO sports athletes and promotion through events strives to put Monster on a level footing with Red Bull ®. With a similar calorie count, and blend of ingredients it resembles Red Bull ®, yet is double the size and half the price, it was bound to sell well (Johnson 2002; Monster energy [ca. 2009]). Coffee energy drinks recently entered the market, such as SHOCK coffee (Johnson 2002; SHOCK coffee [ca. 2009]). However companies including Red Bull ® had already tried similar products without success, Fair Trade energy drinks are likely to be a popular new market entrant (The Nielson Company 2009). 8.0 Competition and Intellectual property Energy drink companies have ridden the wave of Red Bull ®s success bringing out similar looking products. No patent on the drink means even their taste could be the same allowing competitors to undercut Red Bull ® and take some of their market share. How has Red Bull ® protected its brand image in the now turbulent functional drinks market? Red Bull ® is a registered trademark. Extremely protective of its brand image, strict guidelines govern the ways Red Bull ® portrays itself in advertising; from use of colour to font size, they cover it all. These measures deter copycat brands but it does not always work; (Keller 2004) In 2007, Red Bull ® took rival energy drink Boost to court, saying their cans use of silver and blue infringed the Red Bull ® trademark. The images on the right hint that Red Bull ® won. (Irish Independent 2007). Red Bull ® took Music Festival organiser Mean Fiddler to court in 2004, claiming firstly that t heir energy drink Synergy had infringed their trademark with silver and blue patched cans of similar size. Additionally they believed Synergy had been switch selling. Losing the court case, Red Bull ® paid out  £20,000 in court costs (Sweeny 2004). Australian wine company Reschke Wines bid to register the trademark Bull Traders in 1999 featuring the outline of a bull. The two companies went to court over the issue (Ainslie 2008). 9.0 Discussion Selling over four billion cans worldwide last year and with global sales figures up on 2007 by 13.2% Red Bull ® remains optimistic of its future. 2009s plans to expand into new and emerging markets such as Africa, Russia, India, and Japan remain unchanged (Mà ¼ller, 2009). However Red Bull ® is not the only energy drink company weathering the economic crisis so well. Reports predict an increase in global energy drink sales by more than two thirds in 2014, at over 8 billion litres annually (Canadean Ltd 2009). What are Red Bull ®s p lans to maintain dominance in the energy drink sector and increase revenue, especially in these times of economic downturn? (Reschke Wines [ca. 2009]) (Boost [ca. 2009]) Page | 14 9.1 Diversification of product range When companies start out with one product, they later diversify or update the existing range to keep consumer interest, ensuring their product does not reach maturity too soon. Red Bull ®s sales figures are still growing, even after 22 years. Their uniqueness on entry into the drinks market as an energy drink has given them 16 long years before they felt the need to diversify (see Figure 5). Successes and failures of products Red Bull ® has brought out are described below. With over one in four adults in the UK trying to loose weight most of the time (Talking Retail 2008, p.1), Sugar Free Red Bull ® was launched in 2003. It contains only 8 calories when compared to the 110 of standard Red Bull ®, so taps into the emerging health conscious (Moosa 2002, p.32) market (Caloriecount.about.com [ca. 2009]). With 25% of new buyers in the UK purchasing Sugar Free Red Bull ®, it accounted for 15% of 2008 sales, Red Bull ® intends to increase spe nding on advertising its sugar free variant (Talking Retail 2008). (Sabai [ca. 2009]) (Redbull.com (a) [ca. 2009]) Global Red Bull can sales (Billions) (Kumar 2004 and Various Sources) 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Sabai is a wine spritzer originating from Red Bull ® co-founders son, Charlerm Yoovidyas Siam Winery in Thailand. Launched in 2005, its flavours Hibiscus and Pomegranate complement Thai foods. Although not sold under the Red Bull ® name, business decisions regarding the drink are taken by Red Bull ®s UK marketing team. Sabai meaning take it easy (Centaur Communications Ltd 2007, p.1) fits their marketing ethic, being a bespoke wine, it is sold using point of sale promotion and consumer sampling at events with celebrities to create a Sabai buzz (Forbes.com [ca. 2009]; CentaurCommunications Ltd 2007). Lunaqua was a failed Red Bull ® attempt to enter the bottled water market. First seen in 2001, the drink was bottled from a previously undiscovered Alpine Source (Lunaqua [ca. 2003]) at full moon giving the water bio-energetic (Lunaqua [ca. 2003]) properties. Suffice to say, it did not sell well and was withdrawn (World Advertising Research Centre 2009). Page | 15 For 2009, Red Bull ® plans to bring out an Energy shot to oppose the 25 competing products brought out in 2008 (BevNET.com 2008). 9.2 Drinks for the Health Conscious consumer Led by the increasingly health conscious (Moosa 2002, p.32) consumer, the market is still developing. With sales volume doubling from 25 million in 2000 to 50 million litres in 2002, Red Bull ®s entry into this niche had to be profitable. Relatively fragmented, it covers a wide variety of products, from vitamin and mineral enriched herbal drinks though to pro-biotic yogurt and fruit drinks, to fruit enriched smoothies (Hillam 2003). Owned by Red Bull ®, Carpe Diem sells a range of five drinks. Kombucha developed in 1997 and Ginkgo 2000 are modern-day carbonated versions of ancient Asian herbal teas. Kombuchas influences stem from the ancient philosophies of Zen, which aims to harmonise body and soul. Ginko has origins in myth and legend, containing leaves from Asias sacred tree, the Ginkgo Biloba aids conc entration. (CarpeDiem.com (a+b) [ca. 2009]. Homeopathic drinks, made with spring water, herbs and plants were launched in 2003. Drawing on Greek physician Hippocrates theories, they have relaxing, harmonising, or vitalising effects and are 100% natural with no added sugar, flavours, colouring or preservatives (CarpeDiem.com (c) [ca. 2009]). Carpe Diems elusive nature echoes Red Bull ®s marketing strategies. By using very little promotion such as point of sale in Selfridges, collaborating with masseurs, offering holistic solutions to weary shoppers, they let consumers find the product, re-creating that Red Bull ® buzz (CarpeDiem.com (d) [ca.2009]). The Wellbeing Zone on the Carpe Diem website details participatory events like urban Yoga, and an Osteopathic self-treatment programme run by experts (CarpeDiem.com (d) [ca.2009]). Like Red Bull Carpe Diem are securing income by creating a way of life, ensuring consumers buy into a philosophy: an appeal to the people of our time to li ve consciously and seize the day (CarpeDiem.com (e) [ca.2009]). (CarpeDiem.com (d) [ca.2009]) (CarpeDiem.com (b+c) [ca. 2009]) Page | 16 The Red Bull simply COLA ® 2008 launch was extremely controversial. Including ingredients such as the Kola nut and Coca leaf, the drink is sold as the only cola to be organic, taking the drink back to its roots. Adding diversity, the drink is available in 250ml and 330ml can sizes (World Advertising Research Centre 2009). In contrast to Red Bull ®s Buzz marketing technique, the launch covered eight markets worldwide including Austria, UK, Ireland, USA, Russia, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland (Redbullcola [ca. 2003]; World Advertising Research Centre 2009). 9.3 New Marketing Ideas (Redbullcola [ca. 2003]) In 2008, Red Bull ® invested only  £50,000 of its  £7.6 million budget in digital marketing, a number set to increase in 2009 (Revolutionmagazine.com 2009). Below are some examples: Red Bull ® entered the gaming industry in 2008 as the first advertiser on Playstations virtual world. Playing an online version of the Red Bull ® Air Race, users interact and share gaming experiences, adding publicity (Revolutionmagazine.com 2009). The Facebook Red Bull ® partnership in launching the new Facebook Connect site enables users to access all their social networking sites using just one login and password. With Facebook being visited by 3 in 10 people online across the world and social networking sites capturing 67% of the global online population, this partnership offers a low-cost way to advertise to hundreds of millions more consumers (The Nielson Company 2009) 9.4 Expanding the business model Red Bull ® purchased the paradise island of Laucala in 2003 for $10 million. Matesch itz association with the rich and famous will ensure a steady flow of customers for the seven star resort, furthering the drink companys credibility with consumers (Fijilive.com [ca. 2009]). In 2004, Selling Power reported Red Bull ®s intention to create a $1 billion motorsport and aviation theme park in Styria, Austria. Open-air arenas holding 100,000 onlookers, F1 racetracks, as well as a motorsport and aviation academy, are just some of the features. Visitors will be able to drive go-carts, high-powered sports cars, motorbikes or planes. Two hotels will provide accommodation, whilst a shopping pla